Category: JP Harrington

Only certain people could make deer toe rattles–called suspension rattles–They were used in the Keruk ceremony

Well attended, the festival is held annually in Palm Springs–Michael is the MC for the performances

The board is of soft wood like yucca

Mission San Diego, founded in 1769, was the first Spanish mission in Alta California–It was burned down by the Kumeyaay

This Pomo woman is knocking seeds into a basket with a seed beater–This is how it was done over many parts of California                                        

From paikausmakela, “little water coming up,” his real name was John Razon from the Torres Martinez Band of Cahuilla Indians–He was a member of the Mission Indian Federation–His descendants are active as tribal leaders on three Southern California reservations.               

People sometimes wonder exactly what historical trauma is–Here are two scales created by holding focus groups, facilitated by Native people on a reservation–The first scale is a measure of what happened and the second is a measure of how people react to what happened

 

Historical Trauma

 

 

Historical losses scale:

 

1. Loss of land
2. Loss of language
3. Loss of our traditional spiritual ways
4. Loss of our family ties because of boarding schools
5. Loss of our families from government relocation
6. Loss of self-respect from poor treatment by government officials
7. Loss of trust in whites from broken treaties
8. Loss of our culture
9. Losses from effects of alcoholism on our people
10. Loss of respect by our children and grandchildren for elders
11. Loss of our people through early death
12. Loss of respect by our children for traditional ways

 

 

 

 

Historical losses associated with symptoms scale:

 

1. Often feel sadness or depression
2. Often feel anger
3. Often feel anxiety or nervousness
4. Uncomfortable around white people when you think of these losses
5. Shame when you think of these losses
6. Loss of concentration
7. Feel isolated or distant from other people when you think of these losses
8. Loss of sleep
9. Rage
10. Fear or distrust of intentions of white people
11. Feel like it’s happening again
12. Feel like avoiding places or people that remind you of these losses

 

Each scale is rated from 0 to 5

 

From:Whitbeck,Adams, Hoyt, Chen

Conceptionalizing and Measuring Historical Trauma Among American Indian People

American Journal of Community Psychology  Vol. 33 No. ¾  June 2004 p. 119-130

This type of construction, called wattle and daub by archaeologists, was used in the lower Colorado River area