Only certain people could make deer toe rattles–called suspension rattles–They were used in the Keruk ceremony
Category: JP Harrington
Michael Mirelez–The Driving Force Behind The Agua Caliente Bird Singing Festival
Well attended, the festival is held annually in Palm Springs–Michael is the MC for the performances
Pedro Chino Making Fire with a Fire Drill
The board is of soft wood like yucca
Mission San Diego In The Early 20th Century
Mission San Diego, founded in 1769, was the first Spanish mission in Alta California–It was burned down by the Kumeyaay
Gathering seeds with a seed beater
This Pomo woman is knocking seeds into a basket with a seed beater–This is how it was done over many parts of California
Mission San Luis Rey 1904
Fig Tree John
From paikausmakela, “little water coming up,” his real name was John Razon from the Torres Martinez Band of Cahuilla Indians–He was a member of the Mission Indian Federation–His descendants are active as tribal leaders on three Southern California reservations.
Historical Trauma Scales
People sometimes wonder exactly what historical trauma is–Here are two scales created by holding focus groups, facilitated by Native people on a reservation–The first scale is a measure of what happened and the second is a measure of how people react to what happened
Historical Trauma
Historical losses scale:
- Loss of land
- Loss of language
- Loss of our traditional spiritual ways
- Loss of our family ties because of boarding schools
- Loss of our families from government relocation
- Loss of self-respect from poor treatment by government officials
- Loss of trust in whites from broken treaties
- Loss of our culture
- Losses from effects of alcoholism on our people
- Loss of respect by our children and grandchildren for elders
- Loss of our people through early death
- Loss of respect by our children for traditional ways
Historical losses associated with symptoms scale:
- Often feel sadness or depression
- Often feel anger
- Often feel anxiety or nervousness
- Uncomfortable around white people when you think of these losses
- Shame when you think of these losses
- Loss of concentration
- Feel isolated or distant from other people when you think of these losses
- Loss of sleep
- Rage
- Fear or distrust of intentions of white people
- Feel like it’s happening again
- Feel like avoiding places or people that remind you of these losses
Each scale is rated from 0 to 5
From:Whitbeck,Adams, Hoyt, Chen
Conceptionalizing and Measuring Historical Trauma Among American Indian People
American Journal of Community Psychology Vol. 33 No. ¾ June 2004 p. 119-130
Pala Chapel and Belltower 1904
Detail of Mud House–Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
This type of construction, called wattle and daub by archaeologists, was used in the lower Colorado River area